Dr.Jack Kevorkian

â€Å"Dr. Death† Dr. Jack Kevorkian Dr. Jack Kevorkian was known as â€Å"Dr. Death† since at least 1956, when he conducted a study photographing patients' eyes as they died. Results established that blood vessels in the cornea contract and become invisible as the heart stops beating. And he made a lot of other ways to make people like handicapped or anyone who suffer from anything in his life to kill himself, he claims to have assisted at least 130 patients to that end, and he famously said that â€Å"dying is not a crime†. People and the government disagreed with Dr. Kevorkian’s behavior for many several reasons. First his not a god to control the death of people to make them not feel pain and not to face their diseases and destroy them , he is like telling people that life is not worth living for and problems are not going to be solved except with death. In September of 1998 he videotaped the death of Thomas Youk; the tape was broadcast by CBS television's  60 Minutes  in November, what a cruel thing to videotape? The death of man and broadcast it on live T. V. This man made a hundreds of families miserable with his invention â€Å"Mercitron† (mercy machine). If he is deciding for people weather to live or die by acting if u don’t feel pain then live, if u experience death it will be much helpful and comfortable. Then what is the importance of god, I thought he was the one who knows who will die and when, and can make all of the people of earth die in one second and live in one second. There are only a few cases where someone is allowed to take a life and even these cases are not agreed upon. These cases could be in self defense or if someone is badly injured or sick and there is no medical care that could help him and living on even for a minute will cause suffering beyond imagination. But there has never been a case where some loco doctor wants to experiment death on other and people agreed with him. This must mean that this is one sick person and no one agrees with him because it is not human. Thank god of course that the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that Americans who want to kill themselves but are physically unable to have no constitutional right to end their lives. Kevorkian was sentenced to 10-25 years in prison, but was paroled in 2007, in failing health and nearing his own death by the order of god not by a machine.

A Discourse Theory of Citizenship

A Discourse Theory of Citizenship This article discusses the concept of citizenship and how citizenship as a form of public engagement is crucial to democracy as a whole. The author, Robert Asen, presents a new view that citizenship is a dynamic mode of public engagement. The first section of the article discusses questions about public beliefs and perspectives. The second section of the article discusses how citizenship is a mode of public engagement. The third section discusses how public engagement must be examined and what can be learned from that analysis. The final section discusses how the concept of citizenship can be extended through the author’s Discourse Theory. The first part of the article begins by explaining how within the public and even within groups all sets of views or values are not universal. This means that it is a challenge to represent the views of groups. This also means that members of groups need to stand up for their views. For example, if you are part of a human rights organization, but do not approve of their stated views on a particular country, you should make your voice heard. This presents a challenge to group leadership because they have to make the group’s stated views more general in order to not alienate any of the participants. In addition, people do not have a general view on how decisions should be made. For example, the article mentioned how the activist AIDS organization, ACT UP, had a great deal of trouble coming up with a consensus about whether or not they should testify in front of Congress. These facts mean that the views and perspectives of a group of people, their subjectivity, is more of an ever-changing process than a static group of opinions and should be treated as such. This idea is significant to communication as a whole because it helps understand why it is important to constantly make sure that no one’s views in a group are being marginalized. The next section discussed how citizenship is a mode of public engagement. It explains that citizenship is not a group of well-defined privileges that come with legally living in a country, but instead it is much more. It is a way of getting involved with the world around you. Citizenship is a process of dealing with the world that influences the views and beliefs of the public. It does not have to come from only voting; it exists in multiple modes. Some of these modes include consumer choices, work habits, and volunteer work. These sorts of actions could be more important than voting alone. This is because voting does not show your views in great personal detail and therefore does not always help advance your personal beliefs into public discussion. Voting only ascribes your views to one of two general view sets, which most people do not generally agree with completely. The other forms of citizenship, such as volunteering at a soup kitchen, can more accurately represent your views and ideas of how the world ought to be run. This is because the public sees how you are acting to directly make a change in society and may decide to join you in your cause. As the article says, â€Å" Democracy’s heart does not beat in the halls of Congress or in the voting booth, but in everyday enactments of citizenship† (Asen, 197). The important communication concept that can be taken from this section, is that the power of democracy rests on normal people and not on elected officials or bureaucrats. This makes it extremely important that one’s views are expressed both in public discourse and in the way one lives their life. The responsibilities of living in a democracy do not only come once every two years for elections, but are present every day during human interactions. The next section discusses how public engagement in the form of citizenship must be examined. Public engagement is not a static set of concepts, but instead a fluid, dynamic process of interaction that occurs at a personal level. Consequently, it is different from person to person and must be treated specially. The dynamic nature of citizenship makes it impossible to make specific theories of how the public engages in citizenship. This means that there cannot be true experts in the analysis of human-to-human interaction. It does not, however, prevent qualitative analysis of public engagement in citizenship. This section also discussed how it is inherently risky to engage in citizenship. The risk occurs when an individual’s views are known and the public becomes aware of one’s beliefs. For example, participating in a Pro-Choice organization could lead some of your Pro-Life neighbors to dislike you for your views. On the other hand, there is a social benefit to this risk because it can expose you to people who share similar views to you. This common bond of risk unites organizations and makes them stronger over time. The important communication topic in this section is that communicating your views involves risk, but that risk is worthwhile because it can lead to stronger social ties. The last section focused on how the definition of citizenship is expanded when the author’s Discourse Theory of Citizenship is applied. The definition of citizenship is traditionally limited to the rights and privileges that are granted to individuals who are legally living in a country. With the application of this new theory, the definition can be expanded in a few ways. First the, relationship between the citizen and citizenship has been reformulated. No longer is citizenship just the product of being a citizen, but instead it is a way of acting. Second, citizenship is not something that all citizens have equally. While every citizen can vote, the affect he/she has on public discourse also depends on power and money. For example, a rich individual can attend special interest meetings that require large donations in order to participate. This makes these people more capable of influencing what laws are ultimately passed. Another example is how in the past and still to a certain extent now, race can either help or hinder one’s level of citizenship. The third expansion of our understanding of citizenship is through the analysis of hybrid cases of citizenship. Hybrid cases of citizenship are instances when normal everyday acts are also forms of citizenship. One example of this is if an individual spends more money at an organic food store because they want to support the organic food industry. The expansion of the definition of citizenship through the Discourse Theory of Citizenship allows for a better understanding of citizenship and how public communication in many different forms is responsible for maintaining an effective democracy. When communicating through citizenship, it is important to understand that the citizenship includes more than just voting. It also includes everyday person-to-person interactions, buying choices, and group memberships. By understanding citizenship through this expanded definition, it is possible to better focus public discourse in ways that can advance one’s personal beliefs and goals.

Comparison between Japanese and Canadian Central Bank Policies Essay

The present paper is an investigation of the central bank policies in the countries of Japan and Canada. The paper takes into examination Bank of Japan and Bank of Canada and explores the grounds on which similarities and differences, if any, can be noted. This study is a comparison between the central banks’ policies of both the countries. The structure of the paper overviews the banking system of both the countries then furthers with individual analysis only to bring a major comparison at the second last section. The paper discusses findings in the conclusion section and makes recommendations for future policy making and development. 2- Overview This section overviews the past, present of the two banks in the concerned countries. This is in the attempt of creating a base of the later sections that would be dealing with specific policy issues of the two banks. 2.1- Japanese Banking System Today Japanese banking system finds its foundational roots in the aftermaths of World War II and is still continuing to grow support for the financial and industrial organizations of the country. Ever since World War II, Japanese banking system has gone through a number of changes and adaptations in corporate behavior as well as in the shaping of economic and regulatory policies. The period that can be said to be the golden time for the development of the Japanese banking system is regarded to be from the early 1950s to the early 1970s. This was the time when Japanese firms were growing rapidly and needed financial backing and monetary assessment to hold solid on the corporate grounds. However, from the 1970s, some changes were experienced by this banking system and that solid position was shaken. Of the major reasons, international paradigm change in financial transactions, corporate behavior with regard to investment of funds both internal and external, (firms started issuing securities rather than borrowing from banks) and other such reasons can be said to be the causes for the shaking of such a strong banking system as was in Japan once especial up to the early 1970s. Up to the present day, in the Japanese financial system, bank loans still possess the dominant place as the external financing source for the corporate sector which is non-financial – until 1986 the borrowings done from private institutions were recorded to be more than seventy percent. Other such common services as issuance of bonds, client monitoring, cost monitoring for different services, and so forth are also found to be in practice in the Japanese banking system. As such, there is much more that is needed to be examined in this country’s banking system that makes it notable on the international horizon (Aoki, Patrick, & Sheard, pp. 1-15, 1994). 2.2 – Canadian Banking System The central banking system of Canada is also with its typical issues and challenges and up to the present time, these challenges have been multiplying for a number of factors. For example, nowhere in history general public was so much conscious about the evil unemployment and is now showing a hyper attitude which simply put the government and its financial institutions up front to the criticism. As such, the challenges are to make such financial policies as can help confront these challenges and move over them. Although the central bank of Canada did go through a long period of adjustments, say the depression period of the 1930s and later, Neufeld (1958) notes that â€Å"The constitutional adjustments experienced by the Bank of Canada were not as great as those of some older central banks† (p. 4). There are noteworthy reasons for this observation. For instance, beginning in the market, the bank was sponsored by the government leading to a stable position. However, political interventions and the bank’s responsibilities to cater for the needs or demands of the political party government continued to exist. The bank went through war crisis, financial instability, and social pressures like unemployment, all along its birth becoming an adult from an immature youth. At present the Bank is in a more favorable position to serve for the purposes of the government and perform its multifarious purposes with regard to financial activities along with the challenges. Some of the challenges that the bank faced during its stability periods were â€Å"serious foreign exchange outflows and phenomenal capital inflows† (212). The three areas, back in the stability phase, i.e., bond market, stock exchanges, and foreign exchange markets, have been tactfully established by the bank to create a positive picture of the overall economic situation of the country. Presently, the Bank holds a primary position in the decision making process of these three areas. Today, as a successful bank, the expert opinion about this bank is that it has dealt in the time of difficulty more with technique which was versatile than conservatism (213). The banking system of Canada is in a constant process of up gradation for better output; one such instance is the use of geographic information systems (GIS) technology â€Å"for a wide range of applications† (Macdonald, 2001, p. 419). Therefore, it is important to have a deep examination of the policies and practices of this bank so that the insider’s view can help others form such a system in any other country. 3-Policies of the Bank of Japan There are a number of policy issues that need to be revisited but for the limited space of the paper, only a few major are discussed. First of all, policies of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) have been central to critics’ attention due to a number of reasons but the most important is that it is one of the three G-3 central banks that have been reviewed in the past decades. The special features of BOJ are numerous. The most apparent, however, is its stance on deflation. Although BOJ was forced to take â€Å"a highly leveraged position† in local financial environment, it has taken no risk to fight the challenge. Moreover, it might have been possible for the bank to give in to a number of challenges that were created by deflation, however, the bank continued to survive with a number of different policies and measures (Cargill, 2005, p. 311). BOJ’s approach to monetary policy is pragmatic. The overall focus of this monetary policy is to maintain stability in price and encourage economic development. To meet these ends, the Bank monitors such areas as exchange rates, the aggregates of money, the indices of consumer and wholesale rates, growth of the GDP, production taking place in the industry, on-going interest rate in the market, prices of assets, and a number of other factors. It is also notable that in the functions of the Bank, international policy association and coordination can also play a role in the Bank’s domestic policy making. It is important to note that throughout its existence the BOJ has never come to stand as hardcore monetarist. Instead of this, the Bank has been treating the policy making of money more like a form of art. There are a number of methods by which the Bank lets its policies become public. The implementation of policies also takes a number of forms, for instance, â€Å"discoun t window† guides other financial institutions through loans etc. (Miller, 1996, pp. 1-47). By the late 1980s, BOJ held its position as positive in the eyes of the critics due to a number of policy making issues since WWII. Up to then the bank had gone through a number of remarkably shaky times coping up with such challenges as industrialization and establishment of it. By that time major characteristics of BOJ were its commitment to price stability and positive outcomes that came out of its policies. The most important point is that since its establishment, its legal position did not go through a change. Then it was the only bank rated as the most dependent of all the central banks in the world. Hence the notable feature is its keeping price stability instead of being a dependent bank. It also contradicted the widely acclaimed view that the more independent a central bank, the more price stability would be extended (Cargill, 2005, p. 311).   May 1989 is the period called the low point policy period of BOJ which continued through the year 2004. Here the bank increased the rate of discount in a number of steps that included historically low rate of 2.5 percent to 6.0 in the first stage of 1991. It was sternly a reaction against the asset inflation of the 1980s. However, the sharp recession and diminishing asset rate backed the bank to move for ease of policy in 1991 and the call and discount rates came down to 0.05 percent by the early 1995. Until it obtained the first â€Å"0 rate of interest† policy in 1999, the bank went on lowering call rate discount. It was drawn to a close in 2000. It came back to zero rate policy again in 2000 and moved on to a statistical easing down of policy in 2001 because declining economy alerted the authorities; moreover, it needed to adopt a different framework of operation for short-term rates on interest which had to be fundamentally zero (Cargill, 2005, p. 311). Although internationally, it is the reputation of the Bank of Japan that it has been moving too gradually in terms of the formation of monetary policy, fiscal policies, and resolving the issues present to it, there are important areas where this criticism becomes void. For example, Japan is often compared with the USA without considering the fact that former faced a great many more problems than the latter. Additionally, there are such instances as Japan’s tighter economic policy in 1996 that has much to discard this criticism (Browne, 2001, p. 3). 4- Policies of the Bank of Canada The Bank of Canada (BOC) is often criticized for influencing the level of price, jobs, and the development of its country’s economy. However, in the recent years the Bank has acquired a reputation that it is very concerned with keeping the inflation rate low so that it can make other ends meet for broader goals of economy. The Bank has also been charged with its acute concerns to inflation rate only and looking over such challenges as unemployment and economic growth. However, there are proponents of the Bank’s policies who come forward to defend the policies of the bank as they are presently in practice stating that if the focus of the Bank shift to the vice versa perspective, there would be no growth in economy and inflation rate will increase causing devaluation of the dollar. Vanderhart (2003) conducted an in-depth analysis of BOC’s response to inflation rate and other such concerns as unemployment, growth of economy, and other factors. The author found that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the Bank of Canada’s response to economic data available on inflation is direct, â€Å"inflationary precursors as raw materials and intermediate goods prices are only significant when other important factors are omitted† (p. 357). But the author does not make it a remark that the Bank does not follow the procedures to pursue anti-inflationary policy. What the BOC has successfully achieved with regard to keeping control over inflation is that it responds to those factors which are other than â€Å"the releases of price level data†. Moreover, the recent policies also prompt to the suggestion that the Bank is taking measure to fight the challenge of unemployment. Two factors also came up to the author’s analysis that determined the actions and responses of the BOC. These are exchange rates and federal fund rate. The bottom line that the author draws is the there is little doubt about the health of the Canadian economy and the BOC is actively involved in the process of keeping this health stable. However, if some out-of-Canada issues are present, there may be some criticism on the Bank for example, its interconnection with the U.S. monetary policy because there are voices that might want a Canada which is independent of U.S. related economic policies (Vanderhart, 2003). If we review comparative analysis of Canadian economic growth with other countries (say Australia), there is sufficient evidence to mark the above observation that the Canadian economy has grown stronger than before and that such challenges as labor utilization has been carefully handled in the favor of the country. Harchaoui, et al. tell us that the growth of Canada’s real average income has large credit to a magnificent improvement in the way labor has been utilized, i.e. â€Å"the combination of high average hours worked and a high rate of employment in the total population†. In addition to this, capital deepening effect has also played an important role in the present stability of the Canadian financial outlook (Harchaoui, et al., 2005, p. 36). 5- Bank of Japan and Bank of Canada Comparing the policies of the central banks of Japan and Canada each gives us more insight. There are a few studies that have been done on the comparative analysis. In one such study, Tomljanovich (2007) informs that the central banks of these two countries (including banks of other countries, as well) are on a constant pursuit of having open dialogue with the general public and this is in the efforts of increasing efficiency and reducing volatility in financial markets. In the case of Canada, which comes in the category of a majority of interest rate maturities, it is found that there is greater predictability in terms of market functions because there is a high flow of information to Canada and this flow coincides with sub-periods simultaneously to lower interest volatility rate. However, Japan (as well as Germany in this study) appears to be the only country in which there is no such evidence of lower interest volatility. Moreover the study shows that the central Bank of Japan and the central Bank of Canada both moved to greater transparency measures in the 1990s which shows that both these banks want to progress on the modern lines (p. 791). As for the policies of Canadian central bank, it is evident that there is inclination of these policies to those of the U.S. There is no doubt that Bank of Canada has greater interests in keeping these ties with the financial environment of the U.S. monetary and fiscal policies. However, Bank of Japan has stood on a very different turf that is of independence with dependence and of unique regulatory framework of all policies handled ever since World War II. There is no doubt that government like Canada and Quebec recognize China and Japan for their strategic partnership in the region of Asia. For this the credit goes to Japanese ever-growing economic curve which in turn holds credit for the policies that the central banking system of Japan for a long time formulated, ran, and implemented successfully (Inomata, 2002, p. 259). 6- Conclusion Examination of the policies of central Bank of Japan and the central Bank of Canada in detail reveal that both countries have to face challenges that emerge from their specific environment. There are similarities and differences in the approaches of the Banks of both the countries. One acute similarity is that both countries have moved to greater transparency and are considered successful banks on the international horizon. Another is that Banks of both these countries are focusing more on interest rate and inflation level stability. For this purpose, however, the approaches of the two banks are different; both are putting efforts to fight the challenge of unemployment. As for the differences, Japanese bank is legally dependent, whereas, Canadian bank is independent; yet there is this sharp observation that Bank of Canada looks at the U.S. financial environment for policy making, whereas, Japanese Bank looks at its own typical challenges that need to be tackled on the international f ront. Another important thing which comes out from this study of the two banking systems in two different countries is that both function in their own environment and that it is not possible to find acute similarities in both the systems because of different financial and social outlook of the countries. This is important to look into more details in these central banks and banks of other countries as well so that a sound analysis about policy making and other measure against present and upcoming challenges can be met.

Language Teaching And Application Of Communication Technologies Education Essay

CALL – short for Computer-assisted linguistic communication acquisition is a signifier of computer-based acquisition focused on bettering individualised acquisition as it is a student-centered accelerated larning tool intended to ease the linguistic communication larning procedure. The beginning of the word CALL comes from the abbreviation CAI ( Computer-Accelerated Instruction ) and is a term viewed as an assistance for instructors. Some describe CALL as an attack to learning and larning foreign linguistic communications via the computing machine and different computer-based resources such as the Internet. However CALL is neither designed nor intended to replace face-to-face linguistic communication instruction but instead to better the self-study 1. The Computer-assisted linguistic communication acquisition can really good be used to supplement the group instruction. Since every bit early as the 1960s computing machines have helped linguistic communication instruction. Early in the yearss CALL developed into a symbiotic relationship between the development of engineering and pedagogy.The development of CALL can be divided into three phases: Behavioristic CALL, Communicative CALL and Integrative CALL. The first stage of CALL was based on the then-dominant behaviourist theories of larning. Programs of this stage entailed insistent linguistic communication drills and can be referred to as â€Å" drill and pattern † . In â€Å" drill and pattern † the computing machine serves as a vehicle for presenting instructional stuffs to the pupil. The 2nd stage of CALL was based on the communicative attack to learning which became widely used during the 1970s and 80s. This attack felt that the plans of the old decennary did non let adequate communicating and could non be of much value. The communicative CALL avoids stating pupils they are incorrect and is flexible to a assortment of pupil responses and uses the mark linguistic communication entirely and creates an environment in which utilizing the mark linguistic communication feels natural. The 3rd stage of CALL, the Integrative CALL, tries to incorporate the instruction of linguistic communication accomplishments into undertakings or undertakings to supply way and coherency. It coincides with the development of multimedia engineering. Name in this period is used for widening instruction beyond the schoolroom and reorganising direction. The design of modern CALL lessons by and large takes into consideration rules of linguistic communication teaching method derived from larning theories. Recent researches in CALL are in favor of a learner-centered exploratory attack where pupils are encouraged to seek different possible solutions to a job. Call and computational linguistics are separate but mutualist Fieldss of survey. The intent of computational linguistics is to learn computing machines to bring forth grammatically right sentences utilizing natural and fluid English. Since the computing machines have become so widespread in schools and places and they have become such valuable portion of people s mundane life that it obliged teaching method to develop in new ways to work the computing machine ‘s benefits and to work around its restrictions. A huge figure of pedagogical attacks have been developed in the computing machine age including the communicative and integrative attacks. Others include constructivism, whole linguistic communication theory and sociocultural theory. Using the constructivism theory pupils are urged to build new cognition based on experience so they can integrate new thoughts in their already-established scheme of cognition. Whole linguistic communication theory insists that in position of linguistic communication larning focal point alterations from the whole to the portion and instead than constructing sub-skills like grammar pupils should concentrate on higher abilities such as reading comprehension the manner to larn to utilize linguistic communication is the opposite.The sociocultural theory provinces that acquisition is a procedure of going portion of a desired community and larning through communities regulations of behaviour. Although all attacks are different in general they all take the focal point of larning off the instructors and province that pupils larning experiences has more to make with eloquence over truth in order to let pupils to collaborate, instead than vie. In malice of altering the function of the instructors in the educational system CALL does non extinguish the demand for a instructor wholly. In position of being the centre of pupils attending, instructors now become ushers as they help the pupils complete the assigned undertakings instead than merely educating them. Restricting the instructors presence has been shown to take to better quality of communicating such as more fluidness and more sharing of pupils personal egos. On the other manus, the pupils instead than passively absorbing information now they must absorb new information through interaction and coaction with each other. This should raise their self-esteem and assist their cognition to better linguistic communication scholars four accomplishments – hearing, speech production, reading and composing. Most CALL programmes are geared toward these receptive and productive accomplishments because of the current province of technological progresss. And those programmes h ave helped for the development of talking abilities a batch. Using confab has been shown to assist pupils routinize certain often-used looks to advance the development of talking accomplishments. The usage of engineering inside or outside the schoolroom tends to do the category more interesting. However, certain design issues impact merely how interesting the peculiar tool creates motive. Some ways to actuate the pupils is to personalise information, to hold animated objects on the screen or to supply a context that is non straight language-oriented. One benefit of increased motive is that pupils tend to pass more clip on undertakings when on the computing machine. Without computing machines, pupils can non truly act upon the patterned advance of the category content but computing machines can accommodate to the pupil. This normally means that the pupil controls the gait of the acquisition and that pupils can do picks in what and how to larn. With existent communicating Acts of the Apostless, instead than teacher-contrived 1s, pupils feel empowered and less afraid to reach others. Students believe they learn faster and better and larn more about civilization with computer-med iated communicating. The impact of CALL in foreign linguistic communication instruction has been modest. The restrictions of the engineering, due to the job with cost have been debatable. Computer engineering has improved greatly in the last three decennaries and demands placed on CALL have grown even more so. However, most of the jobs that appear in the literature on CALL have more to make with instructor outlooks and apprehensivenesss about what computing machines can make for the linguistic communication scholar and instructor. The most important factor that can take to the failure of CALL, or the usage of any engineering in linguistic communication instruction is non the failure of the engineering, but instead the failure to put adequately in teacher preparation and the deficiency of imaginativeness to take advantage of the engineering ‘s flexibleness. As active tool making positive motive in linguistic communication instruction and larning CALL is rooted in visual image as establishing rule in methodological analysis. Verbal and ocular are the two faces of the same coin.

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Profit Essay

The question which stands before is whether the Founding Fathers were democratic reformers. It is an excruciating and complicated task to come to a conclusion upon this inquisition. To find this answer it can be readily simplified by taking a look at two contending arguments found inscribed in the book Taking Sides: Clashing Views in United States History. In the text lies the position of Howard Zinn and John P. Roche who are great historians; one writes controversially and radically, and the other writes in conformity to government, and conservatively. The position of Howard Zinn is that the founding fathers were not what they have been illustrated to be. That is that they were not concerned with democracy but were really just concerned in their prosperity, in their property, their money, and their freedom, but not concerned with the peoples liberties. Freedom was a new word at the time, which many knew little of, it was but the elite who had an understanding of this sort of philant hropy. â€Å"What was not made clear-it was a time when the language of freedom was new and its reality untested-was the shakiness of anyone’s liberty when entrusted to a government of the rich and powerful(Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States P. 99).† John P. Roche dedicates his attention to the giving the founding fathers their veil of liberators and democratic reformers, and depicts them as gentlemen of good nature, and of having the highest intrinsic values; he portrays them as benevolent wise men, which based the constitution on the needs of the people. â€Å"They were first and foremost superb democratic politicians†¦they were committed (perhaps willy-nilly) to working within the democratic framework, within a universe of public approval (Wikispaces.com, Taking Sides Issue Seven: Were the Founding Fathers Democratic Reformers, P. 3)†. Between the two representations of the issue in question, the more persuading argument 10is towards Howard Zinn who viewed the founding fathers to not have been democratic reformers. The Founding Fathers were not  democratic reformers; rather they were an elite group of men who came up with the Constitution to find compromise â€Å"between the slave holding interest of the south a nd the money interest of north† (Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States P. 98)†, their true motives for uniting the thirteen states was to create a vast market for commerce and not to create a democracy. The Founding Fathers always depicted the majority of men as ignorant and irresponsible. For them to be democratic reformers they would have needed to add literacy and education as necessary for the creation of a democracy in the writings of the Constitution. Instead they persisted to argue that the populous was ignorant, â€Å"†¦Federalist Paper #63 argued the necessity of a â€Å"well-constructed Senate† as â€Å"sometimes necessary as defence to the people against their own temporary errors and delusions† Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States P. 98)† rather than adding that citizenry should be educated and informed so that they would be able to take part in the democratic processes of political and economic policy making, therefore they were not democratic reformers. John P. Roche tends to be overly conservative, to actually make a compelling argument, and Howard Zinn might appear to be radical but he is factual and presents both sid es to an argument and does not rely solely on emotions and in his political idealism as does Roche. Howard Zinn gives the more profound argument. Howard Zinn rather than making statements based on nationalism or patriotism brings up logical inferences and although it is impossible to give an unbiased approach to the question, Zinn gives the less bias approach of the two. When he presents his reasoning he tends to bring up both sides to an argument, one at least opposed to what he wants to represent and one at least supportive of what he is more in favor to represent.   As when he mentions Robert E. Browns point that the Constitution omitted the phrase â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† from the Declaration of Independence to â€Å"life, liberty, or property† to the Constitution, he presents the acknowledgement that people did have property, but stands to say that it was misleading to make this statement for only 3 percent of the population had enough land to be considered wealthy (Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States P. 98). On the other hand John P. Roche presents most of his views by using words such as â€Å"national interest†, â€Å"public approbation†, and always tends to give reason to why some of the things they did that were  not democratic were indeed democratic. Although the drafting and signing of the constitution was held in secrecy, according to Roche, â€Å"They were practical politicians in a democratic society†(Wikispaces.com, Taking Sides Issue Seven: Were the Founding Fathers Democratic Reformers, P. 8). The Founding Fathers did not have it in their interests to be democratic reformers. They had in their interests to create a new nation which would create a certain order to keep the nation’s wealth in the hands of a few and to maintain their privileges, â€Å"Charles Beard warned us that government-including the government of the United States-are not neutral, that they represent the dominant economic interests, and their constitutions are intended to serve their interests† (Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States P. 98). The Founding Fathers were afraid of a majority faction and opted for a Republican form of government to keep the country divided so that the populace could not come to the same conclusion and unite to fight against the tyranny of the minority, they had to make it possible for the existence of minority factions to prevent from a future insurrection. This can be noted in Federalist Paper #10 in which James Madison makes the following statement, â€Å"it will be more difficult for all who feel it to discover their own strength, and to act in unison with each other†¦The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other states† ( Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States P. 97). They also had to make the Constitution appealing to the people. It needed to give a few rights and liberties to the citizenry to keep a revolution from arising from the monopolizatio n of wealth that they were creating. It needed a Bill of Rights, â€Å"The Constitution became even more acceptable to the public at large after the first congress, responding to criticism, passed a series of amendments known as the Bill of Rights† Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United State, P. 99). They needed soldiers for the revolution; they had to appeal to the people, they used the words freedom, liberty and equality to get them to fight. It is has been the history of revolution through the ages that a few educated men can persuade a majority to fight for liberty or for a common goal and after the revolution is over they put into place a government for their own privilege. The United States has not been the exception. They used the same pretexts as  the revolutionaries of anytime to create a society after their own image based on their principles, privileges and their ruling ideas, â€Å"The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force† (Marx, Karl, The German Ideology, P. 64). Their ideas were not ideas for the founding of a democracy. â€Å"Still the mythology around the Founding Fathers persists. To say, as one historian (Bernard Bai lyn) has done recently â€Å"the destruction of privilege and the creation of a political system that demanded its leaders the responsible and humane use of power were their highest aspirations† is to ignore what really happened in the America of those these Founding Fathers†( Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States P. 101)† Zinn then states that the Founding Fathers wanted to create a balance between the forces which were dominant to that time, and not a balance â€Å"between slaves and masters, property less and property holder, Indians and white ( Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States P. 101).† His arguments continue to be reinforced by bringing into account many different views from other historians and by presenting documents from that time and by bringing into account the writings of the Founding Fathers themselves. He clearly reinforces the argument that the founding fathers were not democratic reformers. In reading both sides of the argument one can acquire an unbiased approach to the question, yet it is impossible to remain without any sort of bias, to be working class or being wealthy will play in the outcome of any given men’s stance to the question. The level of education that a person may have acquired will also depend on his view, and also his or her sus ceptibility to what stands as a norm will also give his reasoning a bias approach. Just as well as a person’s idealism being it political, economic or social or even of the combined three will not allow an unbiased standpoint from him/her. Howard Zinn makes the most compelling argument, his answer to the question holds the most validity in the two clashing responses, it is brought upon with great historical anecdotes, it is fairly easy to find the historic facts that he represents in his outlook of the issue; and it is the more logical of the two. Zinn does not speak with emotions of nationalistic fervor, or political idealism, nor does he stay compelled to the narrowness of a one sided argument, but looks upon both sides. â€Å"As Brown says about Revolutionary America,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"practically everybody was interested in the protection of property† because so many Americans owned property† (A People’s History of the United States P. 98). His response to Robert E. Brown (Charles Beard and the Constitution), who is a critic to Beards approach was, â€Å"However, this is misleading. True, there were many property owners. But some people had much more than others†¦Jackson Main found that one-third of the population in the Revolutionary period were small farmers, while 3 percent of the population had truly large holdings and could be considered wealthy (A People’s History of the United States p. 98).† The people of the Americas did not fight a revolution for their freedom, not for equality, they fought the revolution of the elite, they won them a political victory, handed them the wealth of the nation. The slaveholders of the South found compromise with the money interest of the North and the Founding Fathers were able to create the great market of commerce they envisioned when they came to the conclusion for independence from Great Britain. The People of America in that time fought a Revolution for the Founding Fathers who were not democratic reformers.

I am Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I am - Essay Example figuration of my mother, it turned out to be chronologically three dimensional, typically impacted and shaped by the length of her relationship with me and the biases that she accrued to me owing to my close relationship with her. As per my mother, I was always a disciplined and good natured person who has evolved into a responsible and reliable personality. It goes without saying that while constructing this configuration; my mother was to a large extent biased pertaining to the selection of data she subscribed to, to shape my persona. The information that she relied on to typify my configuration was primarily obsolete, as she had either little information as to how I carried myself as a social and professional person, or she decided to ignore the information at her disposal, going by the choice of words that she used to define me. Not to mention that such a response from her was accurately in consonance with my expectations, though not in tandem with my innate self concept. I can s ay that my mother’s opinion of me was aimed at securing optimal relational satisfaction for her. The configuration contrived by my mother catered to my innate self concept that is adhered to a large extent to the stable set of perceptions that I held about myself. This indeed boosted my self esteem as it satiated that aspect of my, self concept that involved personal evaluations of my, self worth. I also need to mention that this particular interaction with my mother proceeded smoothly as her and mine communication was indeed impacted by a mutually evinced high self esteem. As my mother happens to be a ‘significant other’ in my life I must acknowledge that her evaluation of me was especially taken to be quiet influential. This evaluation was no way influenced by any viable and pragmatic social comparison. Wang had been working as my subordinate for the past ten months and in the context of personal expectations, I considered him to be quiet close to me, irrespective of him being

Educational Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Educational Issues - Essay Example The effects of bullying to the students and the entire community were also addressed in the study (Cordeiro, 2006) argues that bullying tends to lower the self esteem of the students who are always subjected under the stress of bullying. The issues facing new comers in schools especial the immigrants are suppose to be addressed through such programs that will aim to find the safest practices to address the issue. According to ISLLC standards 1 leaders are suppose to enhance the success of each and every leaner through the development ,articulation stewardship and implementation of learning vision that is accommodated and supported by all the stake holders. Hence through these standards, the principal should always aim to address the issue of bullying so as to facilitate the achievement of this vision. There many challenges and problems that any administrator may face in this state. However the problem of multiculturalism is the most outstanding problems in many schools in this state. There is need for the students and the various departments to be involved in the awareness campaigns activities so as to be able to deal with the issue cultural diversity within the school. The issue of a diverse culture has been caused by the ever increasing number of immigrants from other countries hence many staff members in this state are not happy with the issue of other communities from outside enrolling into schools around this state. Majority of those who enroll are always treated as the minority and a lot of learning resources are kept away from them. This situation creates a lot of disparity among the students in terms of performance hence the African Americans who are the minority, end up being disadvantaged. All this is attributed to by the lack of enough experience on how to work in a multi cultural environment. Another issue affecting education in this state is the fact that majority of staff members in this state are Caucasians hence this denies students from the min ority group a chance to develop their relationship with students or workers from their ethnic community. The issue of multi races in the state has caused racism in the schools hence it is important for the leaders in the education sector including the school administrators/principal to address this issue by applying the ISLLC standards no 6 diversity which advocates for the school principal to be able to understand ,be able to respond and influence relationship between students and the staff both in terms of political ,economical, legal and cultural relationship this kind of relationship should be reflected both in the class room and in the school compound and in the community. Also the principal should be able to plan and use his thinking and problem solving techniques that will enable him handle the issue of racism as stated in standards 5 of the ISLLC decision making strategies Discouraging test score is another area that has tried to evaluate the number of drop outs in schools i n relation to failing common exams like English language .in this state ,there is a big assumption that the use of F/R/L program has dropped drastically because learners fear being embarrassed because of failing exams. Hence in order to address the issue of discouraging test scores, parents and the educational community have a role to play in

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social Psychology - Essay Example Although we as humans, are taught to learn and think for ourselves various factors exist, which tend to influence our independent thinking and coerce us to follow the more socially acceptable norms. This paper discusses the various popular experiments conducted during that era, and deduces, based on the observations, whether human beings are naturally built to submit to authority and comply with the rules laid down for them, or is it a case of exception rather than the norm. Finally, it concludes that human beings do have a tendency to be intrinsically motivated to conform to authority and to obey authority. Conformity refers to the transformation in behaviour or attitudes of people triggered by the need / desire to pursue the beliefs or standards set by others. It entails following the group ideologies, by totally ignoring or disregarding personal opinions. Obedience on the other hand, merely implies obeying the instructions / orders. These two concepts can be studied or explained i n a better manner by way of various experiments carried out by researchers such as Asch, Milgram, Zimbardo and the likes (Andersen, Taylor, 2007). According to a study conducted by Asch, (1951): a group of individuals were involved in an experiment to study the issues related to ‘conformity’ and the manner in which individuals behave / react in a given situation. The basic objective of the experiment was to observe the reactions of the participants and substantiate the hypotheses developed by the researchers with regard to ‘conformity’. However, for the purpose of this experiment the participants were mislead into believing that they were being involved in a study on ‘visual perception’ and kept the true purpose of the experiment, a secret. They were seated in a room along with a few stooges (i.e. individuals who were part of the team of the researchers conducting the experiment) who were made to pose as participants. The participants were show n lines on a screen and were asked to point out which one out of the three was of the same length as the target line. However, their responses were manipulated by the three stooges, who deliberately made mistakes by providing wrong answers. The purpose behind such an experiment was to measure the number of times the participants were influenced in their decisions / answers, by the responses of the stooges (Andersen, Taylor, 2007; Weiten, 2008). The method used by Asch seems quite artificial in its approach as it lacks validity. This is because the participants are required to conform when a correct answer actually exists. Disagreements do occur in everyday lives when there are hardly any right or wrong answers hence this approach seems highly illogical and invalid. Furthermore the results derived from the same may not be consistent in the long run, which is evident from the subsequent experiments conducted by British researchers Perrin and Spencer (Cox, 2002). It is also argued that Asch’s experiments were conducted at a time when the nation was exposed to an external environment which generated high levels of

M10 data discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M10 data discussion - Assignment Example Children: National Health Interview Survey, 2010† available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/children.htm. The data was based on the question, â€Å"During past 12 months, was there any time when your child (aged 2 to 17 years) needed dental care including check-ups but did not get it because you could not afford it?† The hypotheses tested were: The results of the Chi-square Test for Two-way Tables suggested that there is an association between unmet dental need and sex of children, χ2(1,  N  = 66098000) = 5335.10,  p   Initially, at the start of the project, the main challenge was to select a question to investigate for the project that every team member agrees-on. The next challenge was to decide on the project parts that each group member would complete. Another challenge was to find valid data set for our research question: â€Å"Is there an association between unmet dental need (decay) and age and sex of children?† Luckily, all these challenges were easily handled because of group participations/discussions and contributions (and help) from each member. The results suggested that about 6.8% of female child aged 2 to 17 years unmet dental need as compared to about 6.4% of male child. In addition, unmet dental need based on the age of the children was 4.0% for children aged 2 to 4 years, 6.5% for children aged 5 to 11 years and 8.0% for children aged 12 to 17 years. Thus, for all age groups, girls tend to have more unmet dental needs than boys, and as the age of the child increases, there is more chance of unmet dental need. The results suggested that age and sex are associated with the level of unmet dental needs among children aged 2-17 in the US. In other words, the percentage of children

Theory of Economic Deflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theory of Economic Deflation - Essay Example This process is deflation. The two pair of key elements that are involved in deflation theory is 1) goods and money and 2) demand and supply. The sum of amount of goods and money; and the demand and supply of both goods and money influence the economy of a nation or it can be called as economic decider. The demand and supply of goods results in deflation: if there is decrease in demand of goods or increase of supply of goods. The decrease in demand of goods is due to decreases in money supply or unavailability of money. If the supply of goods increases the price or the demand of the product get reduced. If this happens for all products at a point of time then it is called as secular deflation. The reduction in the transaction due to less money availability is also comes under deflation. "Overall the causes for deflation are: 1.Decreasing Money Supply, 2. Increasing Supply of Goods, 3. Decreasing Demand for Goods and 4. Increasing Demand for Money" (What is Deflation, n.d) Deflation has positive as well as negative effects. Stephen Davis (2003) points that people have got idea of deflation as reduce in rate of goods and its actual reduction in price. The deflation plays very good role for people who have large or considerable revenue in his/her hand. In terms of share market during deflation the market shares goes down and hence it's simply the golden period for investor.

The Suffrage of women through the 1800s-1900s Research Paper

The Suffrage of women through the 1800s-1900s - Research Paper Example The delicacy of women was overemphasized and their abilities to play a significant role in the development and progress of the society were underestimated. Since they were considered to be in need of help, support and care, they were not offered a chance to work and support their family. They had been mistreated in a number of ways for a long period of time. They were suppressed to the extent that they were not allowed to cast their vote to represent their opinion in the political elections. Circumstances continued to remain like this until the 20th century when the women’s rights to cast their vote were finally recognized in different parts of the world after a series of events of struggle made by the women of that period. (www.wic.org, 1995). Not only that, the 20th century brought a large number of other opportunities for the women which they had been longing for so long over the past centuries, which included and were not limited to educational and work related opportuniti es. This paper aims at analyzing the history of efforts women have made to get their rights acknowledged world wide in the 19th and the 20th century with special reference to the American Suffrage Movement. â€Å"Women of the 19th and 20th century are pioneers in the international recognition of gender equality and women’s rights†. In ancient periods, women were considered as the fundamental cause of various evils that existed in the ancient societies. Women were largely recognized as inferior to men, both physically and emotionally. And this concept was not confined to any particular country. Instead, women were looked down at nearly all over the world. This is evident from the Greek myth, according to which a woman named Pandora opened a box that brought sadness and diseases for the men. (Gupta, 2010). In India, women were burnt alive together with the dead-body of their husbands as per the Hindu customs. If left alive, they were

Civility does not pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civility does not pay - Essay Example In terms of specific case examples, the article begins by discussing Christine O’Donnell. O’Donnell is noted as stating that the extension of unemployment benefits is akin to the attacks on Pearl Harbor. After these statements, it’s noted that O’Donnell won the Delaware Primary and received an influx of campaign donations to her website. This last point is highly significant to the article, as the connection between uncivil behavior, political donations, and Internet technology is another prominent argument. In these regards, the article indirectly argues that the ease of access the Internet and websites afford to immediately donate to political campaigns is particularly viable when the politician makes uncivil or sensational statements. Another notable feature of these contentions is that this trend marks a new model of campaigning that has been implemented by both right and left leaning politicians. In terms of left leaning politicians, one prominent exa mple occurred as representative Bernie Sanders launched a long-term filibuster, gaining him the nickname Filibernie. In addition to gaining increased campaign funds, Congressman Sanders witnessed a strong increase in his Twitter and Facebook followers. The contention is established that such uncivil behavior also takes on a variety of forms. While O’Donnell’s rhetoric occurred on Fox News and Sanders in the House of Representatives, Joe Wilson is noted for shouting out ‘You lie’ to the President of the United States during the President’s health care speech; similar to the other politicians, Wilson witnessed a strong increase in campaign funds and political support. The main contention, in these regards, is that it is not so much the type of uncivil rhetoric that is implemented, but the size of the stage that it is implemented on. The final contention is that such rhetoric has a

Dunkins brands strategic performance Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dunkins brands strategic performance - Article Example The growth rate is healthy due to lucrative returns for franchisee and surging sales in the Dunkin’ Donuts outlets in U.S. Answer: In the fourth quarter of 2013, the corporation announced an increase by 13.3% in terms of revenues to about $183.2 million. It is believed that the performance was optimistic due to rising sales of Dunkin’ Donuts same-stores which was about 3.5% and at Baskin-Robbins U.S. sales increased by 2.2%. Despite the decline in consumer spending power and harsh conditions of weather, Dunkin’ Brands appears to be doing extraordinarily satisfactorily. We are optimistic about future sales as we are expecting that our sales of Dunkin’ Donuts will increase in between 3-4% in U.S. and Baskin-Robbins in between 1-2% during the period of 2014. Moreover, dividends were also increased by 21% in the quarter which is a positive indication of our firm’s financial performance. Dunkin Brands Group Inc. is the well-known QSR Company which has more than 17,000 distribution points in more than sixty countries globally. It is recognised for being the world’s top ranked franchisors of QSR which is serving a unique range of baked goods, hot and cold coffees and ice creams. In order to effectively manage the business operations, it has four vital components classified as Dunkin’ Donuts, Baskin-Robbins, Nutrition Advisory Board and Culinary Dream Team. Since it has international operations, it is employing franchise model in global destinations. As of 2011, there are 100% franchised business models which comprise of about 10,500 restaurants of Dunkin’ Donuts and 7,000 outlets of Baskin-Robbins. For the period of 2012, Dunkin’ Brands reported sales of more than $8.8 billion generated from its franchisees. The corporation has its headquarters in Canton, Mass. Dunkin’ Brands is well-aware of the fact that the strength of a company lies in its skilled, loyal and experienced workforce and it strives to develop

UNIX SHELLS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIX SHELLS - Essay Example Hence, interpreting login commands that will result to the anticipated result. Undeniably, UNIX serves a critical role in the current technological knowhow though to date it has undergone varied and essential developments that give it an advantage over, which this study seeks to highlight. Compared to other operating systems as well as varied computer technological enhancements, what I like regarding UNIX is its speed (Liu, Yue & Guo, 2011). However, historically this has been improving since its inception in 1960s up to date to the extent of being able to numerous daemons that known to operate manually or slowly in UNIX’s absence (Liu, Yue & Guo, 2011). This is quite advantageous especially currently, whereby almost each venture has almost completely embraced technology in order to evade commercial opposition from competitors. Additionally, it possesses the capability of aiding multiple segments that necessitate usage of varied network cards by the firewall (Liu, Yue & Guo, 2011). Mostly, this is at least 32, which is contrary to the practical Netware’s support that has a limit of 16 and windows strictly limited to four (Parker & Morley, 2014). Another aspect that I like about this system encompasses its compatibility whereby poses a capability of suppo rting word processors including WordPerfect as well as StarOffice (Liu, Yue & Guo, 2011). In customizing this system, it entails adequate knowledge coupled how to navigate with ease to ensure the intended adjustments work as necessitated (Robbins, Hannah, Lamb & Lamb, 2008). However, there are varied ways of customizing this system whereby on my side I would encompass setting the right margin such that it will be prompting to wrap sentences automatically (Robbins, Hannah, Lamb & Lamb, 2008). This is without one or user having to execute that command with the aid of a ENTER key thus saving on time (Robbins, Hannah, Lamb & Lamb,

Divorce in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Divorce in America - Essay Example There are seven factors identified as the reasons for divorce based on the study done by Mafauzy, director of faculty of health in Malaysia. According to him the following is the reason for divorce; failure by husbands and wives in discharging their responsibilities, low grounding in religion, interference by third parties, differences in culture, sexual problems, money and careers. A recent study by the Creighton University Center for Marriage and Family concludes that the biggest obstacle in the marriage life is the time, sex and money. The study found that debt brought into marriage, the couples' financial situation, balancing job and family, and frequency of sexual relations were of greatest concern to those ages 29 and under. The female or male may have their freedom from the marriage but the biggest impact will be on the children of the couple. Each year over 1 million children suffer the divorce of their parents. Those children who witnessed the divorce of their parent before they turn 18 usually carry the effect up to their adulthood and even affect the future generation. Some of the damaging effects include the following: Families with children that were not poor before the divorce see their income drop as much as 50 percent. Almost 50 percent of the parents with children that are going through a divorce move into poverty after the divorce. Institutions, go Religious worship, which has been linked to better health, longer marriages, and better family life, drops after the parents divorce. Conclusion Institutions, government and every individual should be aware in the effects of divorce in children. The people or couple should understand the core principles of marriage before getting into it. That principle is that marriage is the best environment in which to raise healthy, happy children who can achieve their potential and that the family is the most important institution for social well being. If the family is the building block of society, then marriage is the foundation of the family. If this foundation is growing weaker, then the society will not be as strong as it used to be. Reference: 1. Patrick, F. and Rector, R. , "The Effects of Divorce on America, June 5,

Explain how fate and Oedipus's own essential nnature combine to make Essay

Explain how fate and Oedipus's own essential nnature combine to make him a tragic hero - Essay Example   The search for the truth depicts Oedipus’ tragic nature.   The make-up of a classic tragic figure include characteristics such as a fatal flaw, noble background, and inevitable downfall.   This paper analyzes three specific instances of Oedipus’ search for the truth that suggest his qualities of a tragic hero:   his blind hubris, his remorse upon his epiphany and his self fulfilling prophecy indicting his downfall.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus was determined to find the murderer and asked Creon about the context surrounding the crime.   His relentless pursuit of the truth reveals his essential nature as a tragic hero. He was told that Laius was on pilgrimage when he was slain. The only witness fled the scene indicating that there was a group of robbers: I go, but first will tell thee why I came. Thy frown I dread not, for thou canst not harm me. Hear then: this man whom thou hast sought to arrest With threats and warrants this lo ng while, the wretch Who murdered Laius--that man is here. (5-6) This quotation indicates that Oedipus curiosity of the murder of his father. This is a unique quote in that it sets the stage for the search for the murderer of his father. This starts the path to self destruction. ... He has already lived up to the prophecy that was delivered to him, now he pursues the knowledge that will vindicate the verdict.   Oedipus’ search for the truth initiates his compounding hubris.   His blind sense of pride distorts his view of his objective and leads to his inevitable downfall.   In this manner, Oedipus’ pursuit of his prophecy marks his tragic flaw.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus poses the assumption that he is being framed by Creon who seeks his position as king. This quotation represents Oedipus’ deployment of defense mechanism as a means of justifying why he could never be implicated in the murder of his father. While at the same time, he deploys the mechanism because he is coming to grips with the conclusion that he could indeed be the murderer (Dawe, 2006). Oedipus is attempting to escape the knowledge of his fulfillment of his preordained fate. While his search for the answer drives him further insane, he feels as if he will never returned to normality until he knows for sure. He escapes the bliss of ignorance out of pure curiosity.   The brink of his insanity represents the knowledge he must gain in order to undergo the tragic hero’s traditional epiphany.   Once Oedipus’ crosses this line and gains this great realization, he finds that it is essentially too little, too late.   Despite the immense remorse he feels internally, his fate as a tragic hero has already been sealed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oedipus realized that his self fulfilled prophecy could have been handed down to his daughters who will have no husbands. Hence he seeks their departure with him to a land where he will not be followed by his dreadful past. "He cries, 'Unbar the doors and let all Thebes Behold the slayer of his sire, his mother's--' That shameful word my lips

Being In Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Being In Nature - Essay Example So, I decided to look at the nature through lens of a system of beliefs that is not common for me and gain first hand experience. This paper will provide an accurate account of the way I perceived the nature from the point of view of Chinese folk religions. First of all, it must be noted that while sitting on the bank of the river, I used my imagination to think that everything that is around me may be home for a particular deity, as is proposed by Chinese folk religion (Taylor 299). I tried to envision how gods could dwell in the trees or in the rocks. I also took a close look at the river, thinking about it not as a huge amount of water that was flowing from an elevated platform towards the ocean, but some kind of a miracle. I thought that if I try hard enough I will be able to image the god of the river and maybe interact with it. In addition to that, while sitting on the bank, I felt that I was ready for some fantastic actions. Indeed, I thought that is the surrounding area is full of different deities that some interesting might happen to me as well. That is why I looked at the forest and at the river, hoping that I will be able to communicate with the gods that live there and they might possibly give me a quest to complete. There is no doubt in the fact that if a person perceives the world in this way, than the latter becomes a rather interesting place to live in. Finally, I looked at the nature that was around me and felt that there is much more than a simple set of natural objects. I felt that under certain conditions, a person might feel that the place were I was sitting is able to tell a story. I think that it would not be an exaggeration that this was as close as I have ever been to understanding a different worldview. In spite of the fact that I knew that there would not be a fancy half transparent figure floating in the air dressed in ancient Chinese clothes, I felt that there is truly something more to the scenery. In other

Music assignment. Just By Myself,Moanin,A Night In Tunisia,I Remember Essay

Music assignment. Just By Myself,Moanin,A Night In Tunisia,I Remember Clifford - Essay Example The concert took place in Palais Des Beaux Arts in Brussels in the year 1939 at night. The scene is described to be having five personnel on stage with two soloists; saxophonist and trumpeters’. The drummer is in the far right behind huge drums, guitarist at the center and pianists in the far left. The concert begins with a high pitched solo by saxophonist and soft base sound from the drums. The song played is a modern jazz. Drums go all along the play giving a base sound which balances the high pitch from saxophone and trumpet. When the saxophonesoloist stops, trumpeter takes over the soloing. The piano is played alone just before the climax. In the climax of the song all instruments are played on maximum performance giving the song a sweet entertaining conclusion. The drum is played using sticks and it is played all through the song giving the song a walking bass. The trumpet is interchanged with saxophone. They both provide the ride pattern with the support of the piano at the background. Just after the end of the song, the drummer ArtBlakely takes to the microphone and gets a laughter to the audience then gives them the next step. This is so important since he involves the audience in the concert. I pick on the drummer who has made a great effort in drum playing all through the song. He was successful since he was able to give the song the bass sound matching the other instruments perfectly.

Oedipus Rex Essay Example for Free

Oedipus Rex Essay I believe the main point Sophocles was trying to convey in the story â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was that you have to be accountable for your actions. He shows this by the use of dramatic, situational, and many more different kinds of irony. Sophocles also uses foreshadowing to show how Oedipus needs to be accountable for his actions. Sophocles is teaching his audience an important life lesson. Sophocles shows his audience that you have to be accountable for your own actions. He does this by showing the audience that no one could have stopped Oedipus from fulfilling his life’s prophecy. In the play â€Å"Oedipus Rex† Sophocles tells the story of a man, who is now king of Thebes. He was born in a different land and was told a prophecy that he would kill his own father and wed his mother. When he heard this he fled from the land and came to Thebes where he claimed the throne and became their king. Oedipus is a head strong person. Who often doesn’t think before he speaks, such as when he says, â€Å"And for myself I pray that if he should, with my knowledge, become a resident of my house, I may suffer the same things which I have just called down on others. Oedipus says this not knowing that he himself is the murderer and that he will punish himself. Oedipus also makes judgments and decisions before he knows all the facts. One example of this is when Creon says, â€Å"Kinswoman, Oedipus, your husband, wants to do one of two terrible things to me, either thrust me from the land of my fathers or to arrest and slay me. † Oedipus is so angry with Creon that he does not think before accusing him even though Creon is trying to protect Oedipus. Since Oedipus’ character is flawed it helps support Sophocles’ point of saying that you are accountable for your own actions. This is shown the best when Oedipus tells his wife, Jocasta, that while he was traveling to Thebes he ran into a man on the road who tried to push Oedipus from the path. Oedipus, having a short temper, struck out and slayed all the men in and leading the carriage. This was not a good thing to do in the first place, but what Oedipus did not realize was that the man in the carriage was Laius. Laius was the former king of Thebes and was Oedipus’ biological father. When he killed Laius he fulfilled half of his prophecy. This fulfillment is also an example of situational irony. It is situational irony because Oedipus believed he would be the hero and banish the murderer of Laius from the land. He believed he would end all the suffering, but in fact he was the murderer. Another example of irony that supports Sophocles’ idea that you are accountable for your actions is when Oedipus says, â€Å"†¦ who declared that I was doomed to slay my father? But he is dead, and lies beneath the earth, and here I am, not having put my hand to any spear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is dramatic irony. Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows more than the characters in the story. In which case things said and events in the story take on different meanings to the characters and to the audience. In this case Oedipus thinks he has overcome his life’s prophecy because he did not kill the man he believed to be his father. But the audience knows that Oedipus’ real father is Laius. The audience also knows that Laius was the man on the road that Oedipus murdered. So to the audience this just ads to the suspense of Oedipus finding out that he is the murderer. Foreshadowing also plays a huge role in showing Sophocles’ point that you are accountable for your own actions. In the play, Oedipus Rex, foreshadowing is used in the lines said by Jocasta, â€Å"No. Soon after he returned and found you ruling in Laius’ stead, he pled with me, with hand laid on mine, to send him to the fields, to the pastures of the flocks, that he might be far from the sight of this town. † This is foreshadowing because the audience knows that the man fled because he saw Oedipus, the same man who had murdered his king, ruling the city. Oedipus though only now is starting to question the event in which he killed men on the same road that the Laius was killed on. This is a foreshadowing of Oedipus finding out that he is Laius’ son and that he fulfilled the prophecy by killing his father and marrying his mother. Sophocles was trying to convey the message that you are responsible for your actions because you never know what might happen because of your mistakes. He shows this message in â€Å"Oedipus Rex†. He uses irony, foreshadowing and the flaws in Oedipus’ character to relay his message.

Luxury vehicle Essay Example for Free

Luxury vehicle Essay 1. Cadillac introduced it’s new luxury SUV that is called the Escalade, and they had no idea in what direction it would lead to. To their surprise, it becomes a instant classic and the most popular truck on the market. They weren’t set out to target a specific customer base, they just wanted to keep up with the SUV craze. They saw other companies putting out similar vehicles, so they wanted to dip into that market. Once it released, it seemed to become a staple in the hip hop community, sports world, and for regular customers looking for a luxury SUV. It became most prominent however in the hip hop and sports cultures. You see tons of athletes arriving to the games in their escalades, and a lot of hip hop artists have them featured in their music videos. For some reason, it just excelled in the market, and there is really no particular reason for it. It could be because of how unique it looks, the luxurious features, or just off the time it was released. The music and sports industry started to boom so there was a lot of money to be spent and the Escalade was the newest and hottest item on the street. 2. The Escalade became so popular I believe for the power it represents. I feel that if you own a Escalade, you have a sense of power in a way. Whether it shows that you have money, a sense of style, or anything else, it just brings off a certain type of vibe. It shows some type of boldness as well, because you think of personality when you think of an Escalade. When you look at one, you notice first how the shiny grill stands out and just how luxurious the car is. I think in a way Cadillac has extended its appeal because now a lot of the Cadillacs feature the shiny grill. You also see its influence on other vehicles, because a lot of competitors base their models off of it and try to make some similarities. 3. Other companies have a lot to learn from the Escalade. If they do it right, maybe they can become the leader in luxury SUVs. It’s all about whom you have to endorse your product and how you market it out to the public. Cadillac know it has many endorsers that are famous and widely known throughout the world. When you have people of that magnitude openly using your products, you gain a tremendous amount of recognition. Also, before you come up with a new concept or design, you should allow potential customers to see the product to see if it would be something they would like. If you market your product correctly, there is a good chance that it will be successful just like the Cadillac Escalade. Case Study Cadillac is one of the most popular vehicle brands in the United States to this date. As Americans, we tend to treat it differently because it is the luxury brand of our Country. Since it is an American made car, we take a sense of pride in it, and owning one is something special. In 1998 there started to be a craze for mid size SUVs, and just like every other vehicle company, Cadillac had some thoughts in mind. They released their brand new line of the Cadillac Escalade, a large luxurious SUV. When they originally released it, they felt that their market would be traditional customers, but boy, where they wrong. In fact, it was the complete opposite. The Escalade seemed to become nationally recognized when it was constantly featured in hip hop videos, commercials, and the sports industry. While Cadillac didn’t intend to get into those specific markets, I’m sure they aren’t complaining because of how much recognition it gave them. However, it does seem to brush off a certain bad image when you see it featured in some of those ways. When you see a Escalade in a hip hop video that has drugs, half naked women, and curse words, it may rub some of your other customers off. It can be seen as a gang car, and you certainly don’t want to be driving one of those in certain areas. A regular family can be in the market for a SUV, but they may get a negative vibe from the Escalade because it may come off as being too â€Å"hood† or â€Å"ghetto† for them. I’m not too sure how a car can gain that characteristic, but I understand by it being featured and abused in certain ways, it can portray a negative image. Cadillac can feature their products in certain ways, and be able to be seen as a positive vehicle that is made for everybody. They can limit their exposure in hip hop videos if they feel that is necessary. When you see certain commercials you notice that the brand symbol is blurred out. If Cadillac saw this as a dilemma, they can gain access to have their emblems blurred out in rap videos that feature bad behavior. They can still gain national recognition by more of a formal type of commercial. This way, you do not offend any particular race, and show that the vehicle is suitable for people of all ages, color, and race. Cadillac has become on of the mot powerful and influential car brand, that I feel they don’t need to do too much to market themselves. They already have a tremendously large market.

The Negative Human Effects On Marine Resources Environmental Sciences Essay

The Negative Human Effects On Marine Resources Environmental Sciences Essay What negative effects do human activities have on Marine and Coastal resources from Addington Beach to Aliwal Shoal? The coastline of South Africa stretches for 3000km of which 80% consists of sandy beaches backed by low sand dunes. The focused areas of Addington Beach through to Aliwal Shoal, which contain diversity of fish and other species (including whales, seabirds and tunas), provide opportunities for economic and social activities including development opportunities, fishing, agriculture and recreation. These resources are important as they make up a rich asset to the Southern Coastal areas of South Africa. However, Marine and Coastal resources such as these areas all along the South African coast are being affected negatively due to driving forces mostly caused by various human activities. Pressures affecting these resources include population growth and coastal human settlements, emissions to sea by shipping and sewage and the extracting of natural resources such as fishing or sea bed mining. General pressures and effects of human influences: Population growth is the biggest driving force for environmental changes of marine and coastal resources in South Africa. The increasing population is strongly dependant on production activities to increase service and manufacturing industries and therefore is increasingly dependant on ports such as Durban Harbour for the import and export of products. Demands for food, recreation and land for housing all increase the pressures on the coastal resources. Statistics state that 30% of the South African population lives along the coastline due to in-migration of those seeking jobs, people retiring and those seeking a life of better quality. Because of this increase of dependency the coastal cities have developed rapidly and are as a result having negative influences on the marine and coastal resources. Irreversible changes are occurring due to these influences such as overexploitation of resources, destruction of natural habitats and an increase of wastes and pollution which smother and kill organisms and lead to water quality deterioration. POPULATION GROWTH GRAPH/TABLE. Emissions to sea by sewage and shipping are also a huge cause of the negative effects of marine and coastal resources. Daily industrial effluents and sewage are released into the sea via discharge pipelines near Durban Harbour and by sewage pipes all alone the south coast. These emissions are not only harmful to human health but also have a devastating effect on water quality and may contaminate many organisms. FIGURE 4.8 (effluent pipelines off the South African coast after Cloete 1979) Shipping is also a serious contributor to the degrading of marine and coastal resources. South Africa is situated on one of the biggest ship transport routes of the world and Durban Harbour is one of the few ports often stopped at. Due to weather and sea conditions and the wait to be docked in the port, major marine pollution incidents take place as oil spills and waste dumping takes place. Waters are thus polluted and these wastes and pollutions are transported along the south coast, by the Aguhlus current, and infect and destroy resources along the coastlines of South Africa. The extracting of natural resources such as fishing too affects the marine and coastal resources. Both commercial and recreational fishing are primary economic activities which together can generate more than 158 000 people and R3 billion annually (CMPP, 2005). The improvement of fishing methods results in a greater number and variety of fish being caught and as a consequence of this, fish stocks are decreasing in size and several species are facing possible extinction. Other human recreational activities, besides fishing, that may negatively affect marine and coastal resources include scuba diving or yachting. TABLE OF DATA FOR FISH NUMBERS: Durban Harbour and Addington Beach: IMAGE OF POLLUTION IN DURBAN HARBOUR: Both the Durban Harbour and Addington Beach are sound examples of coastal areas that have been urbanized and as a result are polluted and negatively effected by human activity. Shipping and the wastes excreted by the industrial companies in the Durban harbour area are a huge cost to the marine and coastal resources in the area. Fish and other animals are being killed or having their habitats affected or destroyed and the general water pollution in the area has increased drastically over the past few years and as a result the water quality has rapidly decreased. FIGURE 4.10 (Isogram depicting classification of the surf-zone at 28 sampling stations) The harbour pollution caused by oil and chemical spills, organic waste dumping and general excretions by the ships docking at the harbour or waiting out at sea to be docked in port. This pollution be the harbour is affecting the resources of surrounding beaches as well, such as North Beach, South Beach, Bay of Plenty and Addington Beach who as a result of the pollution have each lost their Blue Flag status after failing water quality tests. These losses of our Blue Flag status has also had negative effects on the tourism industry but most importantly reinforces the fact that the water quality and pollution is at an unacceptable level and the surrounding litter and destruction of the coasts have too become a state of disaster. Reports about heavily polluted water flowing into the Durban Harbour via the Umhlatuzana River for periods of nine months have also surfaced in recent years. Illegal discharges of wastes and sewage are being flooded into the Durban areas and are too polluting the water badly and destroying species and habitats and are decreasing fish stocks. (Raven, 2008). A great concern about these pollutions and wastes entering the sea near the Durban harbour and other areas is that these wastes are being transported all along the coast of South Africa via the Aguhlus current right down to areas such as Aliwal Shoal. Aliwal Shoal is not only an area being affected by wastes from human urbanization but also by recreational activities and tourism sites. IMAGE OF ALGUHLAS CURRENT Aliwal Shoal: DIAGRAM OF ALIWAL SHOAL: Aliwal Shoal is 50km south of Durban, was formed by a sand dune almost 80 000 years ago and is the home of many different species of fish and other marine organisms such as sea turtles, humpback whales, dolphins and the tiger shark. Recently there has been a hard battle to preserve Aliwal Shoal and many have taken a stand to fight for the protection of the area and marine life from pollution and tourists. Due to the research that was started over 10 years ago by the Natal Sharks Board, the region of Aliwal Shoal has been threatened by environmental pollution. Divers would report on the behaviour of sand tiger sharks at monthly meetings after observing them during dives and collecting data. During the early years of research destruction of Aliwal Shoal became a large concern as the Saiccor cellulose plant, being dumped into the ocean at Umkomaas, was untreated and was polluting the waters. The matter reduced visibility and formed foam that made beaches unusable. However, a solution to this was found by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“South Coast Marine Pipeline Forum (SCMPLF)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The Saiccor pipelines were extended to a water treatment plant and the water quality in Aliwal started to improve. The next problem is rooted in this sudden improvement to clear water as diving tourism became very appealing to many. At certain times 20 boats can be seen on the Aliwal Shoal and some even equipped with spears for the sharks and other marine life. In 2009, a huge movement to receive the necessary protection of Aliwal Shoal from pollution and excessive diving is being driven. This unique marine region is in need of laws and regulations that protect it from any more damages to the environment that may be caused by detrimental human activities such as dumping, shipping, pollution transported from Durban Harbour and diving. (Andrew C.R, 2009).

Study On Awareness Of Internet Banking

Study On Awareness Of Internet Banking Internet banking allows customers of a financial institution to conduct financial transactions on a secure website operated by the institution, which can be a retail or virtual bank, credit union or building society .It may include of any transactions related to online usage. To access a financial institutions online banking facility, a customer having personal Internet access must register with the institution for the service, and set up some password for customer verification. The password for online banking is normally not the same as for telephone banking. Financial institutions now routinely allocate customer numbers whether or not customers intend to access their online banking facility. Customer numbers are normally not the same as account numbers, because a number of accounts can be linked to the one customer number. The customer will link to the customer number any of those accounts which the customer controls, which may be cheque , savings, loan, credit card and other accou nts. To access online banking, the customer would go to the financial institutions website, and enter the online banking facility using the customer number and password. Some financial institutions have set up additional security steps for access, but there is no consistency to the approach adopted. Internet banking (or E-banking) means any user with a personal computer and a browser can get connected to his bank -s website to perform any of the virtual banking functions. In internet banking system the bank has a centralized database that is web-enabled. All the services that the bank has permitted on the internet are displayed in menu. Any service can be selected and further interaction is dictated by the nature of service. The traditional branch model of bank is now giving place to an alternative delivery channels with ATM network. Once the branch offices of bank are interconnected through terrestrial or satellite links, there would be no physical identity for any branch. It would a borderless entity permitting anytime, anywhere and anyhow banking. The network which connects the various locations and gives connectivity to the central office within the organization is called intranet. These networks are limited to organizations for which they are set up. SWIFT is a live example of intranet application. FUNCTIONS OF INTERNET BANKING 1. Pay a bill. 2. Schedule payments in advance. 3. Transfer funds. 4. Manage all your accounts in one place. 5. View images of your checks online. 6. Apply for a loan or credit card. 7. Purchase and manage CD accounts. 8. Order travelers checks. 9 Order a cheque book. 10 View up-to-the-minute account statements and balance. 11 Track your payment history. 12 Change contact details. Internet banking allows customers to perform a wide range of banking transactions electronically via the banks Web site. When first introduced, Internet banking was used mainly as an information presentation medium in which banks marketed their products and services on their Web sites.With the development of asynchronous technologies and secured electronic transaction technologies, however, more banks have come forward to use Internet banking both as a transactional as well as an informational medium. Internet banking can perform following banking transactions: Writing checks Paying bills Transferring funds Printing statements Inquiring about account balance The popular services covered under E-banking are :- 1. Automated Teller Machines 2. Credit Cards 3. Debit Cards 4. Smart Cards 5. Electronic Funds Transfer 6. Cheque Payment System 7. Mobile Banking Internet banking in india The Reserve Bank of India constituted a working group on E- Banking. The group divided the internet banking products in India into following 3 levels of access : Information Only System: General Information like interest rates, branch location, bank products and their features, loan and deposit calculations are provided in the banks website. There exist facilities for downloading various types of application forms. The communication is normally done through e-mail. There is no interaction between the customer and banks application system. No identification of the customer is done. In this system, there is no possibility of any unauthorized person getting into production systems of the bank through internet. Electronic Information Transfer System: The system provides customer- specific information in the form of account balances, transaction details, and statement of accounts. The information is still largely of the read only format. Identification and authentication of the customer is through password. The information is fetched from the banks application system either in batch mode or off-line. The application systems cannot directly access through the internet. Fully Electronic Transactional System: This system allows bi-directional capabilities. Transactions can be submitted by the customer for online update. This system requires high degree of security and control. In this environment, web server and application systems are linked over secure infrastructure. It comprises technology covering computerization, networking and security, inter-bank payment gateway and legal infrastructure. Benefits of E-Banking The operating cost per unit services is lower for the banks. It offers convenience to customers as they are not required to go to the banks premises. There is very low incidence of errors. The customer can obtain funds at any time from ATM machines. The credit cards and debit cards enables the Customers to obtain discounts from retail outlets. The customer can easily transfer the funds from one place to another place electronically The following services can be availed through E-Banking: Bill payment service You can facilitate payment of electricity and telephone bills, mobile phone, credit card and insurance premium bills as each bank has tie-ups with various utility companies, service providers and insurance companies, across the country. To pay your bills, all you need to do is complete a simple one-time registration for each biller. The bank does not charge customers for online bill payment. Fund transfer You can transfer any amount from one account to another of the same or any another bank. Customers can send money anywhere in India. Once you login to your account, you need to mention the payeess account number, his bank and the branch. The transfer will take place in a day or so, whereas in a traditional method, it takes about three working days. Credit card customers With Internet banking, customers can not only pay their credit card bills online but also get a loan on their cards. If you lose your credit card, you can report lost card online. Railway pass This is something that would interest all the aam janta. Indian Railways has tied up with ICICI bank and you can now make your railway pass for local trains online. The pass will be delivered to you at your doorstep. But the facility is limited to Mumbai, Thane, Nashik, Surat and Pune. Investing through Internet banking You can now open an FD online through funds transfer.Now investors with interlinked demat account and bank account can easily trade in the stock market and the amount will be automatically debited from their respective bank accounts and the shares will be credited in their demat account. Moreover, some banks even give you the facility to purchase mutual funds directly from the online banking system. Recharging your prepaid phone Now just top-up your prepaid mobile cards by logging in to Internet banking. By just selecting your operators name, entering your mobile number and the amount for recharge, your phone is again back in action within few minutes. Shopping With a range of all kind of products, you can shop online and the payment is also made conveniently through your account. You can also buy railway and air tickets through Internet banking. Security Precautions The security precautions used in internet banking are: Buy good antivirus, It is very important to protect against viruses. Such antivirus is Quick heal, Kasper sky, Net Protector etc. Scan Your Computer Daily with antivirus to ensure your system is safe. Enable Firewall for better protection. Avoid access net banking from cyber cafe or any other PCs having virus. With in periodical intervals, change your net banking password. There is Last log-in Date in your net banking account. Check it daily. Use Latest version of Browser like Mozilla Firefox 3.1 and above,IE 7.0 and above,Opera 9.5 and above,Safari 3.5 and above, Google chrome,etc. Use Newer Operating System. Do Not Disclose your Password to anyone. Before log-in into your account check the website URL having https:// . it means it is secured site. Do not click on any link showing Update Your Password . Ensure that the logged in session is properly signed out. CHAPTER 2 Review of Literature Introduction and development of e-banking especially began in 1990s (Pikkarainen et al.2004, p.224) A research made in U.S in year 1999 stated that there have been huge increases in the use of e-banking in America. Examining the development of online banking in the world, one can say that the European countries are still the leader of the use of newest banking technologies and online banking (Pyun et al, 2002,p.73). According to a study, less than 15 percent of banks with transactional websites will realize profits directly attributable to those sites (Courchanne et al,2002, p.354). According to Zeithaml et al. (2008), consumer perception plays a vital role particularly in pre-purchase decision making of services with high credence attributes as their pre-purchase evaluation is difficult. Althoughinternet banking provides recognized benefits for customers over the traditional banking system, however, thecustomers adoption of internet banking depends upon the pre-purchase perception of its proposed benefits insteadof the potential benefits it can actually provide, due to its high credence nature (Eriksson et al, 2005). Underlying customer perceptions, satisfaction and other behavioral constructs have, therefore, become research-worthy subjects for the researchers and practitioners in this field of study, however, customer perception has been given an escalating importance in the empirical studies due to its significant role in service evaluation (International Business Economics Research Journal April 2011) The vast majority of the banks that avoided Internet banking in the beginning did so because they simply did not see the benefits of using it. Polatoglu Kin (2001) state that the average internet banking transaction costs the institution only one twentieth of teller transaction. On the importance of trainability, Rogers (1983) and Agarwal and Prasad (1998) stated that potential adopters of new technology, who are allowed to experiment with it, would feel comfortable with it and thus be more likely to adopt it. According to Tan and Teo (2000) if customers are given the chance to try the innovation, it will minimize certain fears, especially when customers found that mistakes could be rectified and thus providing a predictable situation. A more rapid diffusion occurs when consumers can have low-cost or low-risk trial of the service. Internet banking services are free.(www.arraydev.com) An American study conducted last year by Booz-Allen projects that by the year 2000, 16 million US households will be using Internet banking. While these numbers do not appear to be significant as compared to the total population, each Internet user is projected to be 50-250% more profitable than the average banking customer. It is expected that these Internet customers will be some of the banking systems most profitable customers representing close to 30% of all retail banking profits. The study projects that by 1999, 1,500 banks will have Internet Web sites and at least 500 of these banks will be offering full-fledged Internet banking services.In 2001 Micro banker send detailed questionnaire to the leading vendors of internet banking software27 companies responded with information on thirty programs the aggregate outcome of the outcome was that almost all the companies have developed functions for internet banking and have inbuilt feature to aid with one to one marketing on the web. The vast majority of the banks that avoided Internet banking in the beginning did so because they simply did not see the benefits of using it. Polatoglu Kin (2001) state that the average internet banking transaction costs the institution only one twentieth of teller transaction.( www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2006/OnlineBanking-2006.aspx) On the importance of trainability, Rogers (1983) and Agarwal and Prasad (1998) stated that potential adopters of new technology, who are allowed to experiment with it, would feel comfortable with it and thus be more likely to adopt it. According to Tan and Teo (2000) if customers are given the chance to try the innovation, it will minimize certain fears, especially when customers found that mistakes could be rectified and thus providing a predictable situation. A more rapid diffusion occurs when consumers can have low-cost or low-risk trial of the service. Internet banking services are free. The cost and risk to trial are relatively low especially when Internet access is available from work.The concept of electronic banking has been defined in many ways (e.g. Daniel, 1999). According to Karjaluoto (2002) electronic banking is a construct that consists of several distribution channels. Daniel (1999) defines electronic banking as the delivery of banks information and services by banks to customers via different delivery platforms that can be used with different terminal devices such as a personal computer and a mobile phone with browser or desktop software, telephone or digital television. Electronic banking also commonly known as internet banking or e-banking. Internet Banking, defined as the delivery of banking services through the open-access computer network (the internet) directly to customers home or private address. (Lau, 1997) has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years. In 2006, Pew Internet and American Life Project reported that nearly half of internet users in the United States 63 million adults bank online (Fox and Beier, 2006). In many ways, e-banking is not unlike traditional payment, inquiry, and information processing system, differing only in that it utilizes a different delivery channel. Any decision to adopt e-banking is normally influenced by a number of factors. Liao et al. (2008) stress that the success in Internet banking will be a chieved with tailored financial products and services that fulfill customer wants, preferences and quality expectations. Mattila (2001) concedes that customer satisfaction is a key to success in Internet banking and banks will use different media to customize products and services to fit customers specific needs in the future(.(Journal of internet banking and commerce) Since personal and financial information can be intercepted and used for fraudulent purposes, online investing involves greater security concerns than conventional trading; users need a sense of security when conducting financial transactions, and it is still one of the major barriers to e-commerce growth (Lee and Turban, 2002). Perceived security was defined as a threat that creates a circumstance, condition, or event with the potential to cause economic hardship to data or network resources in the form of destruction, disclosures, and modification of data, denial of service, and/or fraud, waste and abuse (Kalakota and Whinston, 1997). Security, which involves the use of technical advancements like cryptography, digital signature and certificates aimed at protecting users from risk of fraud, hacking or phishing, has a positive influence on the intention to purchase online (Lian and Lin, 2008). A majority of studies highlight the fact that security is the biggest single concern for customers when faced with the decision to use internet banking. Security has always been an issue, but its scope has changed from mere doubts about the privacy of personal information to worries of financial loss (Sayar and Wolfe, 2007). White and Nteli (2004) find that security is the most important attribute for UK internet banking customers. It is followed by responsiveness of service delivery (speed and timeliness), ease of use, credibility of the bank, and product variety. Akinci et al. (2004) find that the selection of an internet banking service provider is effected by security, reliability and privacy. Security, which involves protecting users from the risk of fraud and financial loss, has been another important issue in safe use of the internet when conducting financial transactions in Saudi Arabia (Sohail and Shaikh, 2007). The banking sector was reluctant to use e-commerce applications as they felt that transactions conducted electronically were open to hackers and viruses, which are beyond their control. As well as convinced that online services are a mixture of customer insecurities, technology investment costs and a lack of market-readiness have all conspired to make e-banking unattractive (Abdulwahed and Yaqoub, 2006). Perceived risk was one of the major factors affecting consumer adoption, as well as customer satisfaction, of online banking services (Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001). Perceived risk usually arises from uncertainty. Howcroft et. al., (2002) the principal characteristics that inhibit online banking adoption are security and privacy. An interview held on web security and showed four screen shots of a browser connecting to a website and asked participants to state if the connection was secure or not secure and to affirm the motivating factor for their appraisal. It was discovered that about 7 2 participants cannot tell if a connection is secure (Friedman et. al., 2002). CHAPTER 3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The proposed research study is to be centered around fulfilling the following objectives. To study the level of awareness of internet banking among the customers of Indirapuram Area To find out the ways to improve Awareness To find the customer satisfaction relating to e-banking services Chapter-4 Scope of the study The study attempts to identify the level of awareness among the people of Indirapuram Area , regarding Online banking services provided by Banks. The study also indentifies the attitudes and preferences of consumers. The survey for this purpose was confined to the Indirapuram Area, Ghaziabad Chapter-5 Research Methodology Hypothesis:- H0: null hypothesis: Let us consider that residents of Indirapuram Area are fully aware of internet banking services provided by banks. H1: alternate hypothesis: Let us consider that residents of Indirapuram Area are not fully aware of internet banking services provided by banks. Research Design:- Exploratory Research We first used Exploratory Research. Exploratory research is a type of research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Given its fundamental nature, exploratory research often concludes that a perceived problem does not actually exist. The working of the research was started with the questionnaire. In this we have used screening criterion to identify target group of our research. Screening of certain questions has been done. The study went through the perception of the target group about the manual banking also. Opinion about manual banking by the target group helped to measure impact of manual banking transactions. Then, our study was divided into two streams: the customer, who uses Internet banking and who doesnt use it. These parameters helped to correlate the information between both kinds of customers. This also helped to evaluate the current satisfaction level of the customers who were using Internet banking. Then we used Descriptive Research. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exists with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. The methods involved range from the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes over time. To accurately portrait the characteristics of person of situation or group we used Descriptive Research Design Sample Size and Design:- Target Population- Universe or the whole mass under study will be residents of Indirapuram area. Sample Frame- will be educational qualifications, working and non-working males and females, professionals , students and business class. Sampling Unit- Individuals. Sampling method -Non Probability method under which convenient Sampling method. Sample size will be around 200. Method of Data Collection- Primary data Tools of Data Collection- Questionnaire Period: The primary data is proposed to be collected through various means of communications, i.e. In person, by telephone, e-mail , between 10.01.2013 to 25.01.2013 the period and mode of collecting data shall be reviewed suitably at the appropriate times so as to make it meaningful and closest possible to the objectives set for the research study. Chapter-6 DATA ANALYSIS Questionnaire Name: Occupation : Gender : Contact no: 1) You have a bank account? CATEGORY Answer Yes No 2) You aware of the internet banking facility? If answer to q-2 is No ,move to q 9) CATEGORY Answer Yes No 3) Level Of Awarenes of online banking services provided by Banks? CATEGORY Answer Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor 4) Source of awareness : CATEGORY Answer Print Media Electronic Media FamilyFriends Any Other 5) Your awareness of latest banking trends: CATEGORY GOOD FAIR POOR RTGS M-WALLET E-BANKING M-BANKING 6) Since how many years you are availing internet banking facility? CATEGORY Answer Less than 1 year 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years More than 5 years 7) Type of service mostly you avail? CATEGORY Answer Online shopping Online bill payments Transfer funds online Bank statements Any Other 8) Please rank the following factors based on your experience CATEGORY Rating Convenience Saves times 24 hour access to account Wish to access account without visiting branch Safe and secure Low service charge Easy to maintain transactions 9) Rate your experience in getting internet banking facility from the branch? CATEGORY Rating Excellent Very Good Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory 10)Reasons you are unaware of Internet Banking ? CATEGORY Answer You are not tech savy Lack of Interest Prefer to have personal human relation Lack of Sources Any Other This survey is being conducted as a part compliance of my degree in MBA (Insurance Banking) from Amity University and is a pre-requisit for award of Degree. The project is for academic purposes and confidentiality will be maintained. FINDINGS In Indirapuram area majority of respondents i.e 88% are aware of internet banking services provided by banks while 12% respondents are not aware of internet banking services Electronic Media is the source of awareness for majority of respondents of Indirapuram Area. The services which are mostly used by customers are printing bank statements and transferring funds online Majority of people are not aware of Internet banking because of Lack of sources or they are not tech savy CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS Banks should attract consumer attention to internet banking services through better marketing Bank should make efforts to increase customers awareness about internet banking facilities by conducting training programmes. Banks should conduct various training programmes for employees so that they will get aware with the terms of internet banking and could create awareness amongst the customers. Banks should increase the awareness about various features, advantages and benefits of internet banking, especially its convenience. Bank should make the customers aware about internet banking at the time of building relationship. Banks should extend the technology which is used in internet banking in order to remove the difficulties. CHAPTER 8